There is no need to present the confidential informant (CI) since the testimony would merely corroborate the testimonies of those who actually witnessed the transaction.
However, if the CI is also the poseur-buyer, there is a need to present him/her.
xxx a de facto government is one wherein the said government is in control of the political affairs in the state; lacking one or more of the legal requisites of government. (Nachura, 2016)
When the buyer of the goods is or becomes insolvent, the unpaid seller who has parted with the possession of the goods has the right of stopping them in transitu, that is to say, he may resume possession of the goods at any time while they are in transit, and he will then become entitled to the same rights in regard to the goods as he would have had if he had never parted with the possession. (Article 1530, Civil Code)
In light of recent legal and jurisprudential developments during the proceedings of this case, the Court has decided to send the matter back to the appellate court for the admission of new evidence.
Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation. (Section 9, Article III, 1987 Constitution)
Just compensation is the full and fair equivalent of the property taken from its owner by the expropriator.
What is an agricultural tenancy?
Republic Act No. 1199 or the Agricultural Tenancy Act of the Philippines defines agricultural tenancy as the physical possession by a person of land devoted to agriculture belonging to, or legally possessed by, another for the purpose of production through the labor of the former and of the members of his immediate farm household, in consideration of which the former agrees to share the harvest with the latter, or to pay a price certain or ascertainable, either in produce or in money, or in both. (Section 3, R.A. No. 1199)
The burden of proving entitlement to overtime work rests on the employee, as this monetary claim is not incurred in the normal course of business.
It is thus incumbent upon the employee to first prove that he actually rendered service in excess of the regular eight working hours a day, and that he in fact worked on holidays and rest days.
(Reggie Zonio v. 1st Quantum Leap Security Agency, Inc. and Romulo Par, G.R. No. 224944, May 05, 2021)
The De Facto Officer doctrine is primarily for protecting those who rely on the official acts of persons discharging the duties of a public office, without being lawful officers. It is meant to ensure the functioning of the government “despite technical defects in the official’s title to office. (Lee Arroyo vs. Honorable Court of Appeals, G.R No. 202860, April 10, 2019)
The extraordinary responsibility of the common carrier lasts from the time the goods are unconditionally placed in the possession of, and received by the carrier for transportation until the same are delivered, actually or constructively, by the carrier to the consignee, or to the person who has a right to receive them, without prejudice to the provisions of Article 1738. (Article 1736, New Civil Code of the Philippines)
In determining the real nature of a contract, the express terms of the written agreement and the contemporaneous and subsequent acts of the parties are taken into consideration.
